Health Outcomes of Home-based Reablement Services and Long-Term Care 2.0 in Taiwan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background and objective: The goal of long-term care policy is to establish an accessible, affordable, and universal long-term care service system with good quality to help people ageing in place. Reablement, which is one of professional services of long-term care plan 2.0 in Taiwan, was described as services for people with poor physical or mental health to help them accommodate their illness by learning or re-learning the skills necessary for daily living. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of home-based reablement services on patient health. Methods: Inclusion criteria of participants were people with disability, people with dementia and aged ≥ 50, or older people with frailty and aged ≥ 65. Each participant received three 1-hour training sessions per month lasting for up to 6 months depend on levels of disability. Before intervention began, the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) was administered to help identify the individualized goals of each client and to guide intervention plans. Intervention principles included activities of daily living (ADL) skills training, instrumental ADL (IADL) skills training, recommendations for home modifications and falls prevention, caregiver skills training, and assistive technology recommendations and training. Outcome measures were COPM, Barthel Index, IADL scale, EuroQoL-5D Questionnaire (EQ-5D). Results: Eighteen participants were recruited (age 55.8 ± 27.4 years old). The diagnoses of participants included stroke (N = 5), dementia (N = 3), traumatic brain injury (N = 2), diabetes mellitus (N = 2), developmental delay (N = 2), poliomyelitis (N = 1), spinal cord injury (N = 1), brain tumor (N = 1), and mental retardation (N = 1). The average duration of intervention was 2.3 ± 1.5 months. Home-based reablement services resulted in significant improvements on the COPM (P ＜ 0.01), Barthel Index (P ＜ 0.01), IADL scale (P = 0.01), and EQ-5D (P ＜ 0.01). In addition, there was no participant transfer to healthcare institution when discharge. Conclusions: The home-based reablement service is a client-centered intervention irrespective of diagnosis, age and individual capacities. This study indicated that interventions were appreciated by the participants or caregivers measured by the COPM, and were effective in improving ADL function, IADL function, and self-perceived health status measured by the EQ-5D. The home-based reablement services are successful in promoting independence of patients and in reducing the burden of caregivers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".