Skeletal Phenotype and Mechanisms of Bone Loss in <i>Winnie</i> Mice as a Model for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Objective We aimed to investigate the skeletal phenotype of Winnie mouse model of spontaneous chronic colitis, which carries a mutation in the Muc2 gene and closely replicates IBD symptoms and pathophysiology. These mice have a high level of gut-derived serotonin (GDS), a potent osteoblastogenesis inhibitor. We explored the underlying mechanisms of bone loss associated with chronic intestinal inflammation. Design Winnie male and female mice prior to colitis onset (6 weeks old) and progression (14 and 24 weeks) were compared to age- and sex-matched C57BL/6 controls. We assessed bone quality (static and dynamic histomorphometry, micro-CT, 3-point bending), intestinal inflammation (lipocalin-2), GDS levels, serum levels of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D, ex vivo bone marrow analysis and molecular mechanisms inhibiting osteoblastogenesis. Results Significant deterioration in trabecular and cortical microarchitecture, reductions in bone formation, mineral apposition rate, bone volume, osteoid volume and bone strength were observed in Winnie mice compared to C57BL/6 controls. Decreased osteoblast and increased osteoclast numbers were prominent in Winnie mice. We report for the first time that elevated GDS cross-talks with molecular pathways to inhibit bone formation in Winnie mice. Increased expression of 5-HTR1B and FOXO1 mRNAs, dissociation of FOXO1/CREB1 complex and association of FOXO1 with ATF4, promoting the transcriptional activity of FOXO1, results in suppression of osteoblast proliferation in Winnie mice compared to controls. Conclusion These findings open avenues for the development of targeted therapies for IBD-related bone loss. Significance of this study What is already known on this subject? - Osteoporosis is a common extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). - Currently available treatments are not effective for IBD-associated bone loss. - The mechanisms of bone loss are poorly understood. A major limitation has been the lack of an appropriate animal model for IBD-associated bone loss. What are the new findings? - We report for the first-time the skeletal phenotype in Winnie mouse model of IBD - This study presents a novel mechanism of IBD-associated bone loss, involving elevated gut-derived serotonin crosstalk with molecular pathways inhibiting bone formation. How might it impact on clinical practice in the foreseeable future - These findings open avenues for the development of targeted therapies for IBD-related bone loss.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".