Frequency‐specific modification of locomotor components by the <i>white</i> gene in <scp> <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> </scp> adult flies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The classic eye‐color gene white ( w ) in Drosophila melanogaster (fruitfly) has unexpected behavioral consequences. How w affects locomotion of adult flies is largely unknown. Here, we show that a mutant allele ( w 1118 ) selectively increases locomotor components at relatively high frequencies (> 0.1 Hz). The w 1118 flies had reduced transcripts of w + from the 5′ end of the gene. Male flies of w 1118 walked continuously in circular arenas while the wildtype Canton‐S walked intermittently. Through careful control of genetic and cytoplasmic backgrounds, we found that the w 1118 locus was associated with continuous walking. w 1118 ‐carrying male flies showed increased median values of path length per second (PPS) and 5‐min path length compared with w + ‐carrying males. Additionally, flies carrying 2–4 genomic copies of mini‐ white + (m w + ) in the w 1118 background showed suppressed median PPSs and decreased 5‐min path length compared with controls, and the suppression was dependent on the copy number of m w + . Analysis of the time‐series (i.e., PPSs over time) by Fourier transform indicated that w 1118 was associated with increased locomotor components at relatively high frequencies (> 0.1 Hz). The addition of multiple genomic copies of m w + (2–4 copies) suppressed the high‐frequency components. Lastly, the downregulation of w + in neurons but not glial cells resulted in increased high‐frequency components. We concluded that mutation of w modified the locomotion in adult flies by selectively increasing high‐frequency locomotor components.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".