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Record W3089596518 · doi:10.29173/pathways12

Skeletal Dysplasia: an Analysis of Dwarfism in Ancient Egyptian Culture

2020· article· en· W3089596518 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.

Bibliographic record

VenuePathways · 2020
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
TopicConnective tissue disorders research
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Saskatchewan
Fundersnot available
KeywordsDwarfismHistoryBiology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The purpose of this paper is to analyze dwarfism and its standing in ancient Egyptian society and culture. Dwarfism existed in ancient Egyptian society, but unlike other ancient societies, those with dwarfism were not blatantly discriminated against (Sullivan 2001). Individuals with dwarfism could hold many positions within society ranging from herdsmen and fishermen, to personal attendants in royal court (Kozma 2008). There is evidence of individuals with dwarfism dating back to the Badarian Period, with statues, sarcophagi, skeletons, and paintings all having been discovered (Kozma 2008). There are several prominent figures who have been studied in detail; Per-ni-ankh-w was an individual with high status in Egyptian society, and there is ample docu­mentation of him in texts, visual imagery, and skeletal evidence (Kozma 2008). Djeho was another individual who has been well documented and aided with burials (Kozma 2008). Individuals with dwarfism also had religious importance, including the gods Bes and Ptah (Kozma 2008). Individ­uals with dwarfism were also considered to hold magical significance, and this was seen in spells and religious texts (Kozma 2008). Additionally, there is an abundance of artistic representation of individuals with dwarfism, in the form of statues, sarcophagi, and visual images (Kozma 2008). The Walters Art Museum is also a significant holder of Egyptian art, with many depictions of dwarfism (Kozma 2010). These individuals were significant in ancient Egyptian society and were well documented in several forms.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.329
Threshold uncertainty score0.370

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.026
GPT teacher head0.288
Teacher spread0.262 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it