Hospital Complications and Frailty in Mexican Older Adults: An Emergency Care Cohort Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives. To describe the association of frailty level at Emergency Department (ED) with various hospital complications including delirium, low phase angle, and low handgrip strength. Design. Prospective cohort Setting. ED rooms of two public General Hospitals in Mexico City Participants. A total of 548 persons 60 years or older who were admitted to the ED and who were alive during follow-up testing at home were included. Measurements. A 32-item frailty index (FI) was measured at admission to the ED. Outcome measures included delirium, phase angle and hand grip strength measured during different stages of the hospitalization (i.e., from admission to the ED through follow-up at home). Results. From this final sample, mean age was 76 years (± SD 7.2) and 58.4% (n=320) were women. Mean waiting time in the ED was 5.1 hours (± SD 6.2), the average stay in the ED was 99.9 (±68.2) hours, and 274 subjects (50%) were admitted to a general ward after ED admission. FI was not associated with phase angle and negatively associated with handgrip strength at admission to ED (β=-3.97, confidence interval [CI] 95% -5.56 -2.38, p<.001), discharge from ED (β=-3.94, CI 95% -5.97 -1.90, p<.001) and discharge from hospital (β=-4.93, CI 95% -7.68 -2.18, p=0.01). FI was positively associated with delirium (β=3.68, CI 95% 1.53 - 5.83, p<0.01) Conclusion. Higher frailty at ED admission was associated with lower hand grip strength and delirium during hospitalization in Mexican older adults.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".