The association between peri‐dialytic pulse wave velocity measurements and hemodialysis patient mortality
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Arterial stiffness in the general population is an independent prognostic factor for cardiovascular mortality, and can be measured noninvasively by pulse wave velocity (PWV). PWV is increased in hemodialysis (HD) patients, but the prognostic additional value remains debatable, with variable results reported. We wished to review whether increased PWV was associated with mortality in our HD patients. METHODS: Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWVao) was measured peridialytic using an oscillograph technique (Arteriograph TensioMed, Hungary), in a cohort of HD patients in 2012. FINDINGS: Three hundred and eighty-three HD patients, 238 (62.1%) male, median age 67.7 (54.2-78.0) years, 163 (42.6%) diabetic, Charlson comorbidity score 7 (5-9) and PWVao 8.9 (7.4-11.2) m/s were studied. Two hundred and twenty-nine deaths occurred during a median 61.1-month follow-up. PWVao was associated with all-cause mortality in unadjusted models (odds ratio [OR] for PWVao as a continuous variable 1.084, 95% confidence limits [CL] 1.046-1.124), P < 0.001, and for patients with PWVao>10 m/s (OR 1.61, CL 1.240-2.098, P < 0.001), but not after adjusting for clinical confounders (OR 1.024, CL 0.987-1.063, P = 0.208), whereas age (OR 1.049, CL 1.038-1.060, P < 0.001), and Charlson comorbidity (OR 1.131, CL1.065-1.201, P < 0.001) remained significantly associated with mortality. DISCUSSION: Although our HD patients with an increased PWVao had greater all-cause mortality, after adjustment for age and comorbidity, the prognostic value of a single PWVao measurement was no longer an independent prognostic factor for mortality. Future studies are required to determine whether changes in PWV offer additional prognostic value for HD patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".