From Coelomocytes to Colored Aggregates: Cellular Components and Processes Involved in the Immune Response of the Holothuroid<i>Cucumaria frondosa</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
While so-called brown bodies were first defined in the 1950s as colorful aggregates of cells in the general cavity of echinoderms and other marine benthic taxa, their distribution and role have not yet been fully clarified. This work characterized free coelomocytes and corresponding aggregates (“bodies”) in the hydrovascular system and perivisceral coelom, as well as those attached on the membranes of the viscera, in the holothuroid Cucumaria frondosa. Responses to the presence of foreign particles were investigated, providing novel insights on the immune system. A total of eight coelomocyte cell types was detected, while aggregates were formed of three to six types of coelomocytes. Only red-colored aggregates were found in the hydrovascular system, whereas brown aggregates were confined to the perivisceral coelom. The encapsulation mechanism of foreign particles injected in the hydrovascular system was monitored. Particles were first gathered by phagocytes and vibratile, crystal, and morula cells into a whitish aggregate that was then covered by hemocytes, imparting a red color to the aggregates. After their transfer to the perivisceral coelom, aggregates became brown and were ultimately expelled through the anus. Finally, a range of stressors (i.e., harvesting method, presence of a predator, and physical injury) was found to increase the abundance of aggregates, thus highlighting the role of these bodies in the immune response of C. frondosa.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".