Management of remittances and their role in economic development in Kosovo
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the Republic of Kosovo remittances have been and continue to be one of the contributors to economic development and have served as a source of household income. Remittances at the national as well as at the global level are an essential element of combating poverty, and can be said to represent one of the largest flows of financial resources at the global level. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of remittances on economic growth, present the comparability of remittance trends over the years, remittance management, in the Kosovo case. The findings of the study should serve as an important input in improving the management of remittance policies and strategies by the Kosovo government in order to increase the impact of remittances on Kosovo's economic development. Trend analysis shows that remittances in Kosovo continued to grow steadily from 2005 to 2018; remittances were greater in 2015 worth € 772 million, one of the main reasons for remittances to Kosovo, results to be the support of the households, while the largest share of Kosovar emigrants' investments was in the construction sector, where investment in the sector was over 40%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".