Trade, GVCs, and wage inequality: Theoretical and empirical insights
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Une question importante dans les débats actuels concerne la concomitance entre la croissance des inégalités de revenus au sein des économies avancées et l’exposition croissante de ces économies au commerce international. Cet article contribue à ces débats en fournissant une synthèse de la littérature théorique et empirique traitant de l’influence de la mondialisation sur un aspect particulier des disparités de revenus, à savoir les inégalités salariales. Une attention particulière est accordée au rôle du commerce, en particulier aux exportations et aux importations, ainsi qu’aux chaînes de valeur mondiales. L’analyse souligne la nécessité d’examiner en profondeur plusieurs mécanismes interdépendants pour répondre avec précision aux préoccupations en matière d’inégalités induites par le commerce. Classification JEL: F11, F12, F14, F16, F66, J31
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.021 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".