Bibliographic record
Abstract
During the more than 37-year brutal Israeli occupation of the West Bankand Gaza, the numbers of North American Jews voicing their oppositionin public have been dispiritingly small. Since the outbreak of the secondIntifada in September 2000, however, Jewish anti-occupation activistshave become a visible political presence in Jewish politics in the UnitedStates and Canada. Such groups as Brit Zedek V’Shalom, the TikkunCommunity, and Junity (Jewish Unity for a Just Peace) have spawneddozens of regional chapters across North America. Local groups such asNot In My Name (Chicago), Jewish Voices against the Occupation(Seattle), and Jews for Global Justice (Portland, Oregon) have sprung upspontaneously in almost every major North American city. Numerous adhoc responses have emerged as well. For example, an “Open Letter fromAmerican Jews,” proclaiming opposition to Israeli government policies inthe Occupied Territories and bearing 4,000 signatures, has appeared as afull-page advertisement in The New York Times as well as in a dozen moreAmerican and British newspapers.While very few of these groups would identify themselves as religiouslyobservant, almost all have invoked a Jewish ethical tradition ofsocial justice, derived from Jewish texts and rabbinical tradition, to maketheir political point. In his most recent book, Israel and Palestine out of theAshes, Jewish theologian Marc Ellis posits a more deeply consequentialconnection between Jewish history, Jewish ethics, and the occupation.According to Ellis, Director of the Center for American and Jewish Studiesat Baylor University (Waco, Texas), Israel’s displacement and dispossessionof the Palestinian people constitutes such a fundamental transgressionof Jewish ethics and morality that it threatens to render Judaism, a religious ...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".