The effects of simulated transport conditions on the muscle tissue characteristics of white-strain layer pullets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of temperature (T)/relative humidity (RH) combinations and exposure duration (D) on the muscle tissue characteristics of layer pullets during simulated transport. While layer pullets are not processed for meat, muscle physiology can be used as an indicator to assess welfare. Pullets (n = 240) were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 T/RH combinations (−15°C uncontrolled RH [−15], 21°C 30%RH [21/30], 21°C 80%RH [21/80], 30°C 30%RH [30/30], and 30°C 80%RH [30/80]) and 2 D (4 or 8 h) in a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement (3 replications). Birds were weighed before exposure, crated (density 45.5 kg/m2) and exposed to the conditions above. After exposure, birds were weighed (live shrink calculated) and slaughtered using a small-scale facility. Postslaughter, carcasses were eviscerated, and an initial pH was obtained from the right breast and thigh. Final breast and thigh pH and color values (lightness [L∗], yellowness [b∗], and redness [a∗]) were obtained 30 h postslaughter. Left breast muscles were frozen and analyzed for thaw and cook loss 4 wk postslaughter. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design via ANOVA (Proc Mixed; SAS 9.4), with farm of origin as block. Differences were considered significant when P ≤ 0.05. Live shrink (kg) was higher for pullets exposed to 30/30 and 30/80 compared with those exposed to 21/80 (P = 0.04) and for pullets exposed for 8 h compared with 4 h (P < 0.01). Breast muscle thaw loss (%) was higher in pullets exposed for 4 h compared with 8 h (P = 0.01). Breast and thigh muscle a∗ were higher for pullets exposed to 30/30 compared with 21/30 (P = 0.02). Thigh muscle b∗ was lower for pullets exposed to -15 compared with 21/80 (P = 0.05). Breast b∗ was higher for pullets exposed for 8 h compared with 4 h (P = 0.04). The results from this study demonstrates that increasing exposure D had minor effects on pullet muscle characteristics. In addition, layer pullets coped well with thermal stressors associated with simulated transport.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".