Bibliographic record
Abstract
Over the last two to three decades, a number of factors have ensured thatwestern Muslims and Islam have become socially and politically far moreembedded and visible in western liberal democracies. For example, a largesegment of new (post-1965) immigrant religious minority communities settlingin western liberal democracies, including Canada, are of the Muslimfaith. Moreover, an increasing number of educated, professional westernbornMuslims consider, unlike their immigrant parents, their countries ofbirth as their “home.” Furthermore, the politicization of Islam and the natureof the current state of international affairs, in which issues pertaining toMuslims and Islam often take central place, have highlighted the publicprominence of Islam and its adherents in theWest.This situation has problematized and generated a number of debatesrelating to the philosophical, religious, cultural, political, and social underpinningsof western liberal societies vis-à-vis their Muslim communityconstituency. In addition, it has induced several profound identity-relatedquestions pertaining to what it means to be “western” or “a westernMuslim”or, for some, a “Muslim” in theWest. One aspect of this overall dynamic isthe question of the role and the function of faith-based Islamic schoolsoperating in western liberal democracies, as their numbers have mushroomedover the last two decades ...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".