The Relationship between the Needs Changes of Public or Personal and Rational Expanding of Government Scale/RELATION ENTRE LES CHANGEMENTS DE BESOINS PUBLICS OU INDIVIDUELS ET EXPANSION RATIONELLE DES FORCES DU GOVERNMENT
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: The law of needing levels discovered by Maslow is a famous theory, but theory mainly works in private domain. In this paper, Maslow's law is deduced into public domain, putting on idea of public Maslow's phenomena and public maslow's law. By methods of theoretical analysis blended with positive analysis, quality analysis blended with quantity analysis, ideas presented above have been tested and verified. In end of paper, it points out that public Maslow's law is an important cause for expanding of public department as well as for rational expanding of government scale. Keywords: The Maslow's law, public realm, scale of government Resume: La loi du niveaux de besoins decouverts par Maslow est une fameuse theorie, mais cette theorie fonctionne principalement dans les domaines prives. Dans ce document present, la loi de Maslow est deduite dans le domaine public, en mattant les idees du phenomene public de Maslow et de sa loi publique. A travers les methodes theoriques d'analyse melangee avec l'analyse positive, analyse qualitative melangee avec l'analyse quantitative, les idees exprimees dans le precedant etaient testees et verifiees. A la fin de ce document, il designe que la loi publique de Maslow est une explication importante pour l'expansion du department public a la fois pour l'expansion rationelle des forces du government. Mots-cles: loi de Maslow, realm public, les forces du government Maslow's Law is nearly known by everyone in realm of Arts and Society. It is frequently quoted in economics, sociology and public management. In this article, this famous law will be introduced and applied into analysis of change of government scale. 1. SOME THEORETICAL RETROSPECT OF EXPANDING OF THE SCALE OF THE GOVERNMENT Discussion about reasons for of government scale has always been a great attraction for scholars. Since Parkinson's discovery in 1957, people have been continuing discussing all kinds of possible reasons for of scale of government. Now let's discuss these theories respectively. 1.1 Analysis about phenomena of expanding of government scale Some scholars summarized rule of expanding of government scale. For example2 (ZhangYalin,2001): Form developing political history of both domestic and foreign counties in ancient time and nowadays, we can see that scale of government has been constantly increasing with development of economy and human culture.3 (XieQingkui, 1991): Government scale developed form a simple to complicated form after it came into being, which adapted to need of development of country and gradual expansion of human social life. It is a historic process that can't be changed by human's will.4 (Aberbach, 1990): There seems to be one industry that is constantly increasing in modern world, that is industry of government machinery. 1. 2 Demonstration about rule of of amount of public affairs For example, the rule of constant of financial expenditure of German economist A.Wagner, the theory of financial expenditure's laddering gradual increase of Britain's A.T. Peacock and J.Wisemen, and the module of increasing financial expenditure of R.A. Musgrave and W.W. Rostow. On one hand, these theories imply that price of public service will go up with price of common consumer goods. On other hand, they contain content and scope of public service and deepening of original service. At same time, Wagner provided three reasons for rational expanding of government. First, constructing reasonable social system, strengthening law and rules and keeping social order to keep market system functioning are needs evolved with development of society. Second, government takes part in producing. Third, people's needs for public goods are increasing. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".