Overexpression of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Receptor mRNA as an Independent Negative Prognostic Factor for Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) (represents roughly 25% of all breast cancers in Yogyakarta) still has the worst survival compared to other breast cancer subtypes. Results from recent studies have shown that inhibition of programmed death-ligand 1 receptor (PD-L1) in TNBC patients is associated with better prognosis. Currently, data on PD-L1 expression and its prognostic value in Indonesian TNBC patients are still relatively unknown. This study aimed to investigate the expression of PD-L1 in Indonesian TNBC patients as preliminary proof to support PD-L1 inhibitor as a possible treatment option near in the future. METHODS: We retrospectively included stage I-III TNBC patients diagnosed between 2014 and 2017 in Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Clinical variables were collected from medical record. Paraffin blocks of biopsy specimen were retrieved to examine mRNA level of PD-L1. RESULTS: We included 48 subjects with mean age of 51.09 years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 24.58. The 3-year overall survival (OS) was 58.3%. Overexpression of PD-L1 mRNA in TNBC patients is associated with worse prognosis (P < 0.01). There were no statistically significant associations between PD-L1 mRNA expression and any of the clinicopathologic variables examined. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, PD-L1 mRNA overexpression is associated with worse survival in Indonesian TNBC patients, independent of other established risk factors. PD-L1 mRNA is expressed in all of our samples, presenting as a feasible alternative or complementary method in deciding which patient might benefit from receiving PD-L1 inhibitor.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".