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Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Christopher J L Murray, Cristiana Abbafati, Kaja Abbas, Mohammad Hossein Abbasi, Mohsen Abbasi‐Kangevari, Foad Abd-Allah, Mohammad Abdollahı, Parisa Abedi, Aidin Abedi, Hassan Abolhassani, Victor Aboyans, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Michael R.M. Abrigo, Eman Abu‐Gharbieh, Abdulaziz Khalid Abu Haimed, Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk, Alyssa Acebedo, Ilana N. Ackerman, Maryam Adabi, Abdu A. Adamu, Oladimeji Adebayo, Jaimie D. Adelson, Olatunji Adetokunboh, Mohsen Afarideh, Ashkan Afshin, Gina Agarwal, Anurag Agrawal, Tauseef Ahmad, Keivan Ahmadi, Mehdi Ahmadi, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Budi Aji, Tomi Akinyemiju, Blessing Akombi-Inyang, Fares Alahdab, Khurshid Alam, Fahad Alanezi, Turki M Alanzi, Samuel B Albertson, Megbaru Alemu, Khalid F. AlHabib, Muhammad Ali, Saqib Ali, Gianfranco Alicandro, Vahid Alipour, Hesam Alizade, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, François Alla, Peter Allebeck, Majid A. Almadi, Amir Almasi‐Hashiani, Hesham M. Al‐Mekhlafi, Abdulaziz M. Almulhim, Jordi Alonso, Rajaa Al‐Raddadi, Khalid A Altirkawi, Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán, Azmeraw T. Amare, Arianna Maever L. Amit, Dickson A Amugsi, Etsay Woldu Anbesu, Robert Ancuceanu, Deanna Anderlini, Jason A Anderson, Tudorel Andrei, Cătălina Liliana Andrei, Mina Anjomshoa, Fereshteh Ansari, Alireza Ansari‐Moghaddam, Carl Abelardo T Antonio, Catherine M Antony, Davood Anvari, Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah, Jalal Arabloo, Morteza Arab‐Zozani, Aleksandr Y. Aravkin, Aseb Arba, Timur Aripov, Johan Ärnlöv, Oluwaseyi Olalekan Arowosegbe, Malke Asaad, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Ali A. Asadi‐Pooya, Charlie Ashbaugh, Michael Assmus, Maha Atout, Marcel Ausloos, Floriane Ausloos, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Getinet Ayano, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Samad Azari, Zelalem Nigussie Azene, B B Darshan, Ebrahim Babaee, Alaa Badawi, Ashish Badiye, Mojtaba Bagherzadeh, Mohan Bairwa, Ahad Bakhtiari, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Arun Balachandran, Maciej Banach, Srikanta Banerjee, Palash Chandra Banik, Adhanom Gebreegziabher Baraki, Suzanne Barker‐Collo, Huda Basaleem, Sanjay Basu, Bernhard T. Baune, Mohsen Bayati, Bayisa Abdissa Baye, Neeraj Bedi, Ettore Beghi, Isabela M. Benseñor, Kidanemaryam Berhe, Adam E. Berman, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Neeraj Bhala, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Suraj Bhattarai, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Ali Bijani, Boris Bikbov, Antonio Biondi, Catherine Bisignano, Raaj Kishore Biswas, Tone Bjørge, Somayeh Bohlouli, Mehdi Bohluli, Srinivasa Rao Bolla, Archith Boloor, Dipan Bose, Soufiane Boufous, Oliver J. Brady, Dejana Braithwaite, Michael Bräuer, Nicholas J. K. Breitborde, Hermann Brenner, А В Бреусов, Paul Svitil Briant, Andrew M. Briggs, Gabrielle B. Britton, Traolach Brugha, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Reinhard Busse, Zahid A Butt, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Luis LA Alberto Cámera, Ismael Campos‐Nonato, Julio César Campuzano, Josip Car, Rosario Cárdenas, Giulia Carreras, Juan Jesús Carrero, Félix Carvalho, João Maurício Castaldelli-Maia, Giulio Castelpietra, Franz Castro, Ferrán Catalá-López, Kate Causey, Christopher R. Cederroth, Kelly Cercy, Ester Cerin, Joht Singh Chandan, Jung‐Chen Chang, Jaykaran Charan, Fiona Charlson, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Sarika Chaturvedi, Nicolas Cherbuin, Ken Lee Chin, Jesús Lorenzo Chirinos-Cáceres, Daniel Cho, Jee-Young J Choi, Dinh‐Toi Chu, Sheng‐Chia Chung, Michael T. Chung, Flavia Cicuttini, Massimo Círillo, Beniamino Cislaghi, Aaron J. Cohen, Kelly Compton, Barbara Corso, Paolo Angelo Cortesi, Vera Marisa Costa, Ewerton Cousin, Richard G. Cowden, Marita Cross, Christopher S. Crowe, Steven Cummins, Haijiang Dai, Hancheng Dai, Giovanni Damiani, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Parnaz Daneshpajouhnejad, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Jai K Das, Rajat Das Gupta, José das Neves, Gail Davey, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Adrian Davis, Diego De Leo, Edgar Denova‐Gutiérrez, Kebede Deribe, Nikolaos Dervenis, Rupak Desai, Keshab Deuba, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Mostafa Dianatinasab, Daniel Díaz, Martin Dichgans, Alireza Didarloo, Ilse N Dippenaar, Клара Докова, Christiane Dolecek, Fariba Dorostkar, Pratik P. Doshi, Chirag Doshi, Leila Doshmangir, Matthew C Doxey, Tim Driscoll, Bruce Bartholow Duncan, Arielle Wilder Eagan, Hedyeh Ebrahimi, Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan, David Edvardsson, Joshua R. Ehrlich, Iffat Elbarazi, Islam Y. Elgendy, Shaimaa I El-Jaafary, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Aisha Elsharkawy, Maha El Tantawi, Iqbal Elyazar, Mohammad Hassan Emamian, Babak Eshrati, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Alireza Esteghamati, Sadaf Esteghamati, Jessica Fanzo, André Faro, Farshad Farzadfar, Nazir Fattahi, Valery L. Feigin, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Pietro Ferrara, Alize J Ferrari, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, James L. Fisher, Ryan Fitzgerald, Nataliya A Foigt, Morẹ́nikẹ́ Oluwátóyìn Foláyan, Artem Alekseevich Fomenkov, Masoud Foroutan, Richard Charles Franklin, Marisa Freitas, Takeshi Fukumoto, João M. Furtado, Mohamed Gad, Abhay Gaidhane, Emmanuela Gakidou, Silvano Gallus, William M. Gardner, Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Leake Gebremeskel, Begashaw Melaku Gebresillassie, Yilma Chisha Dea Geramo, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Peter W. Gething, Kebede Embaye Gezae, Keyghobad Ghadiri, Fatemeh Ghaffarifar, Mansour Ghafourifard, Farhad Ghamari, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Asadollah Gholamian, Simona Giampaoli, Paramjit Gill, Richard F Gillum, Giorgia Giussani, E. V. Gnedovskaya, Myron Anthony Godinho, Mahaveer Golechha, Philimon Gona, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Giuseppe Gorini, Bárbara Niegia Garcia de Goulart, Alessandra C. Goulart, Ayman Grada, Felix Greaves, Nachiket Gudi, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Yuming Guo, Subodh S. Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Juanita A. Haagsma, Vladimir Hachinski, Nima Hafezi‐Nejad, Arvin Haj‐Mirzaian, Brian J. Hall, Randah R Hamadeh, Samer Hamidi, Chieh Han, Graeme J. Hankey, Josep María Haro, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Abdiwahab Hashi, Amr Hassan, Soheil Hassanipour, Hadi Hassankhani, Rasmus Havmoeller, Simon I Hay, Khezar Hayat, Andualem Henok, Nathaniel J Henry, Claudiu Herţeliu, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Hung Chak Ho, Michael K. Hole, Ramesh Holla, Praveen Hoogar, K Hopf, Naznin Hossain, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Mowafa Househ, Damian G Hoy, Guoqing Hu, Tanvir Huda, Fernando Neves Hugo, Ayesha Humayun, Rabia Hussain, Bing‐Fang Hwang, Ivo Iavicoli, Charles Ibeneme, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Kevin S Ikuta, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena Ilić, Milena Ilić, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Usman Iqbal, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, M Mofizul Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Hiroyasu Iso, Chidozie C D Iwu, Jalil Jaafari, Deepa Jahagirdar, Mohammad Ali Jahani, Mihajlo Jakovljević, Amir Jalali, Farzad Jalilian, Manthan D Janodia, Tahereh Javaheri, Ensiyeh Jenabi, Ravi Prakash Jha, Vivekanand Jha, John S. Ji, Catherine O. Johnson, Jost B. Jonas, Mikk Jürisson, Ali Kabir, Zubair Kabir, Leila R Kalankesh, Rohollah Kalhor, Tanuj Kanchan, Neeti Kapoor, Behzad Karami Matin, André Karch, Mohd Anisul Karim, Salah Eddin Karimi, Ayele Semachew Kasa, Nicholas J Kassebaum, Gbenga A Kayode, Ali Kazemi Karyani, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Nauman Khalid, Mohammad Khammarnia, Maseer Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Gulfaraz Khan, Khaled Khatab, Mona M Khater, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Habibolah Khazaie, Abdullah T Khoja, Jagdish Khubchandani, Neda Kianipour, Christian Kieling, Young‐Eun Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Yohannes Kinfu, Sezer Kısa, Adnan Kısa, Niranjan Kissoon, Mika Kivimäki, Cameron J. Kneib, Megan Knight, David Koh, Hamidreza Komaki, Jacek A Kopec, Soewarta Kosen, Anirudh Kotlo, Parvaiz A Koul, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Kris J Krohn, G Anil Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Om Kurmi, Dian Kusuma, Hmwe Hmwe Kyu, Ben Lacey, Ratilal Lalloo, Tea Lallukka, Qing Lan, Iván Landires, Heidi J. Larson, Savita Lasrado, Kathryn Mei-Ming Lau, Paolo Lauriola, Carlo La Vecchia, Lisiane Freitas Leal, Janet L Leasher, Jorge R Ledesma, Paul H. Lee, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Matilde Leonardi, Janni Leung, Bingyu Li, Shanshan Li, Lee‐Ling Lim, Ro‐Ting Lin, Stefan Listl, Xuefeng Liu, Yang Liu, Giancarlo Logroscino, Alan D Lopez, Stefan Lorkowski, Rafael Lozano, Alton Lu, Alessandra Lugo, Raimundas Lunevičius, Ronan A Lyons, Jianing Ma, Daiane Borges Machado, Emilie R Maddison, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Morteza Mahmoudi, Azeem Majeed, Venkatesh Maled, Shokofeh Maleki, Afshin Maleki, Reza Malekzadeh, Déborah Carvalho Malta, Abdullah Al Mamun, Helena Manguerra, Borhan Mansouri, Mohammad Alì Mansournia, Ana Maria Mantilla Herrera, Santi Martini, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins‐Melo, Ira Martopullo, Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi, Benjamin B. Massenburg, Manu Raj Mathur, Pallab K Maulik, Mohsen Mazidi, Colm McAlinden, John J. McGrath, Martin McKee, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Fereshteh Mehri, Kala M. Mehta, Addisu Melese, Ziad A. Memish, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G. Menezes, Endalkachew Worku Mengesha, Tuomo J Meretoja, Atte Meretoja, Tomislav Meštrović, Bartosz Miazgowski, Irmina Maria Michałek, George Milne, Mohammad Reza Miri, Andreea Mirică, Erkin М Мirrakhimov, Hamed Mirzaei, Maryam Mirzaei, Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Awoke Temesgen Misganaw, Babak Moazen, Masoud Moghadaszadeh, Bahram Mohajer, Osama Mohamad, Yousef Mohammad, Dara K. Mohammad, Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Shafiu Mohammed, Farnam Mohebi, Ali H. Mokdad, Mariam Molokhia, Lorenzo Monasta, Meghan Mooney, Masoud Moradi, Ghobad Moradi, Maziar Moradi‐Lakeh, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Paula Moraga, Lídia Morawska, Joana Morgado-da-Costa, Shane D. Morrison, Abbas Mosapour, Jonathan F Mosser, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, Ulrich Müeller, Erin C Mullany, Kamarul Imran Musa, Mehdi Naderi, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Mohsen Naghavi, Behshad Naghshtabrizi, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Farid Najafi, Luigi Naldi, Vinod C Nayak, Javad Nazari, Rawlance Ndejjo, Ionuţ Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Henok Biresaw Netsere, Georges Nguefack‐Tsague, Josephine W Ngunjiri, Diep Ngoc Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Emma Nichols, Yeshambel T. Nigatu, Rajan Nikbakhsh, Molly R Nixon, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Shuhei Nomura, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Christoph Nowak, Elaine O. Nsoesie, Virginia Núñez-Samudio, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Onome Bright Oghenetega, Emmanuel Okunga, Morteza Oladnabi, Andrew T Olagunju, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Bolajoko O. Olusanya, Ahmed Omar Bali, Muktar Omer Omer, Sok King Ong, Obinna Onwujekwe, Eyal Oren, Alberto Ortíz, Samuel M Ostroff, Adrian Oţoiu, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Simon Øverland, Mayowa Owolabi, P A Mahesh, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Smita Pakhalé, Keyvan Pakshir, Raffaele Palladino, Adrian Pană, Songhomitra Panda‐Jonas, Priya Parmar, Mona Pathak, George Patton, Hamidreza Pazoki–Toroudi, Amy E. Peden, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Emmanuel Peprah, David M. Pereira, Alexandre C. Pereira, Jeevan Pereira, Norberto Perico, Júlia Moreira Pescarini, Hai Quang Pham, Michael Phillips, Cristiano Piccinelli, Tessa M Pilz, Marina Pinheiro, М. А. Пирадов, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Farhad Pishgar, Constance Dimity Pond, Maarten J. Postma, Faheem Hyder Pottoo, Hadi Pourjafar, Farshad Pourmalek, Sergio I. Prada, Narayan Prasad, Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi, Elisabetta Pupillo, Navid Rabiee, Mohammad Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Ata Rafiee, Alberto Raggi, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Kiana Ramezanzadeh, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Annemarei Ranta, Sowmya J Rao, Puja C Rao, Davide Rasella, Vahid Rashedi, Prateek Rastogi, Salman Rawaf, David Laith Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Reza Rawassizadeh, Ramu Rawat, Christian Razo, Lemma Demissie Regassa, Marissa B Reitsma, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Vishnu Renjith, André M. N. Renzaho, Serge Resnikoff, Nima Rezaei, Negar Rezaei, Mohammad Sadegh Rezai, Aziz Rezapour, Phoebe-Anne Rhinehart, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Antônio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro, Daniel Cury Ribeiro, Jennifer Rickard, Leonardo Roever, Michele Romoli, Luca Ronfani, Gholamreza Roshandel, Enrico Rubagotti, Susan F. Rumisha, Godfrey Mutashambara Rwegerera, Seyedmohammad Saadatagah, Siamak Sabour, Perminder S. Sachdev, Basema Saddik, Masoumeh Sadeghi, Ehsan Sadeghi, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Marwa Rashad Salem, Hosni Salem, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Joshua A. Salomon, Inbal Salz, Zainab Samad, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Damian Santomauro, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Benn Sartorius, Arash Sarveazad, Brijesh Sathian, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Davide Sattin, Lauren E. Schaeffer, Silvia Schiavolin, María Inês Schmidt, Aletta E. Schutte, David C. Schwebel, Falk Schwendicke, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Feng Sha, Omid Shafaat, Saeed Shahabi, Amira Shaheen, Masood Ali Shaikh, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Kiomars Sharafi, Fablina Sharara, Aziz Sheikh, B. Suresh Kumar Shetty, Kenji Shibuya, Mika Shigematsu, Min‐Jeong Shin, Jae Il Shin, Rahman Shiri, K. M. Shivakumar, Mark G. Shrime, Kerem Shuval, Inga Dóra Sigfúsdóttir, Rannveig Sigurvinsdóttir, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, João Pedro Silva, Biagio Simonetti, Ambrish Singh, Pushpendra Singh, Dhirendra Narain Sinha, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Karen Sliwa, Emma Smith, Amin Soheili, Shahin Soltani, Oluwaseyi Dolapo Somefun, Reed J D Sorensen, Joan B. Soriano, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Ireneous N Soyiri, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Kam Sripada, Jeffrey D Stanaway, Simona Cătălina Ștefan, Dan J. Stein, Caitlyn Steiner, Mark A. Stokes, Saverio Stranges, Parminder S. Suchdev, Agus Sudaryanto, Mu’awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Gerhard Sulo, Carolyn B. Swope, Dillon O Sylte, Rafael Tabarés‐Seisdedos, Takahiro Tabuchi, Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla, Amir Taherkhani, Zarfishan Tahir, Animut Tagele Tamiru, Muming Tang, Md. Ismail Tareque, Yonas Getaye Tefera, Freweini Gebrearegay Tela, Mohamad‐Hani Temsah, Sonyah Terrason, Bhaskar Thakur, Rekha Thapar, Nihal Thomas, М. В. Титова, Boikhutso Tlou, Marcello Tonelli, Roman Topór-Mądry, Anna E Torre, Mathilde Touvier, Marcos Roberto Roberto Tovani-Palone, Bach Xuan Tran, Ravensara S. Travillian, Riaz Uddin, Irfan Ullah, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Era Upadhyay, Marco Vacante, Regina Vaicekonyte, Pascual Valdéz, Alessandro Valli, Tommi Vasankari, Yasser Vasseghian, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Simone Vidale, Francesco Saverio Violante, Vasily Vlassov, Avina Vongpradith, Giang Thu Vu, Feleke Gebremeskel W hawariat, Yasir Waheed, Richard G. Wamai, Fang Wang, Haidong Wang, Jiayu Wang, Yanzhong Wang, Yuan‐Pang Wang, Stefanie Watson, Jingkai Wei, Robert G Weintraub, Jordan Weiss, Fissaha Tekulu Welay, Andrea Werdecker, Ronny Westerman, Harvey Whiteford, Taweewat Wiangkham, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Lauren B. Wilner, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Charles Wolfe, Temesgen Gebeyehu Wondmeneh, Aimin Wu, Chenkai Wu, Sarah Wulf Hanson, Han Yong Wunrow, Yang Xie, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Sanni Yaya, Vahid Yazdi‐Feyzabadi, Jamal A Yearwood, Tomas Yeheyis, Yordanos Gizachew Yeshitila, Paul Yip, Naohiro Yonemoto, Seok‐Jun Yoon, Mustafa Z Younis, Theodore Patrick Younker, Chuanhua Yu, Yong Yu, Deniz Yüce, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Syed Saoud Zaidi, Sojib Bin Zaman, Maryam Zamanian, Alireza Zangeneh, Hadi Zarafshan, Михаил Сергеевич Застрожин, Kaleab Alemayehu Zewdie, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Jianrong Zhang, Yunquan Zhang, Xiu‐Ju Zhao, Yingxi Zhao, Bistra Zheleva, Peng Zheng, Cong Zhu, Arash Ziapour, Stephanie R M Zimsen, Theo Vos, Stephen S Lim
Bibliographic record
VenueThe Lancet · 2020
Typereview
Languageen
FieldHealth Professions
TopicHealthcare cost, quality, practices
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersDivision of Human Resource DevelopmentDivision of Mathematical SciencesFogarty International CenterFaculty of Medicine and Health, University of SydneyDipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Milano-BicoccaUniversité de LimogesPediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health ServicesResearch Management Centre, International Islamic University MalaysiaLee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of SingaporeHealth Services Management Research CenterLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological UniversityErasmus Universitair Medisch Centrum RotterdamCenter for International HealthNational Drug and Alcohol Research CentreQueensland Brain InstituteInstituto de Salud Carlos IIISydney Medical SchoolAgenzia Italiana del Farmaco, Ministero della SaluteRussian Academy of SciencesGreat Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthMenzies Centre for Australian Studies, King's College London, University of LondonMedical Research CouncilWeill Cornell Medicine - QatarHealth CanadaHealth Equity Research Center, Washington State UniversityĐại học Quốc gia Hà NộiDepartment of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthMedical Center, University of PittsburghDuke Global Health Institute, Duke UniversityUniversity of Colorado DenverUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationNational Institutes of HealthSeqirusAgencja Badań MedycznychUniwersytet OpolskiUniversidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y AmbientalesUniversity of Health and Allied SciencesDebre Markos UniversityArvelle TherapeuticsMadda Walabu UniversityAlfaisal UniversityLaboratório Associado para a Química VerdeRUDN UniversityHubei UniversityCentro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de SaúdeMahatma Gandhi UniversityAl-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityUniversidad Autónoma de SinaloaHögskolan i BoråsUniversidade Federal de SergipeARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life CourseCentral University of KeralaDuke Kunshan UniversityCochrane South AfricaUniversitätsklinikum HeidelbergJenderal Soedirman UniversityUniversiti Sultan Zainal AbidinMenzies Institute for Medical ResearchI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityUniversity of ColomboUniversidade Federal de GoiásH. Lundbeck A/SNational Medical Research CouncilUniversity of OxfordLorestan University of Medical SciencesAlborz University of Medical SciencesSwedish Orphan BiovitrumUniversity of Occupational and Environmental HealthChandigarh UniversityKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyDirectorate for Biological SciencesSan Diego State UniversityDelhi Technological UniversityUniversité de BordeauxSt. Olavs Hospital Universitetssykehuset i TrondheimZabol University of Medical SciencesUniversity of BernUmweltbundesamtGonabad University of Medical SciencesIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri - IRCCSCharotar University of Science and TechnologyAmgenPublic Health EnglandYonsei UniversityHawassa UniversityDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryManipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationMekelle UniversitySanofiUnited Arab Emirates UniversityUniversity of ThessalyStockholms 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MalaysiaMinistarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog RazvojaUniversity of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of WaterlooKuwait UniversityUrmia UniversityPrograma Operacional Temático Factores de CompetitividadeTampereen YliopistoTabriz University of Medical SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityUniversity of Technology SydneyRajiv Gandhi University of Health SciencesBaker Heart and Diabetes InstituteQuaid-i-Azam UniversityPublic Health Foundation of IndiaUniversidad del ValleRazi Vaccine and Serum Research InstituteNovo NordiskSeoul National University HospitalUniversidad Autónoma MetropolitanaClinical Science Research and DevelopmentNovavaxJames Cook UniversitySemmelweis EgyetemShahrekord UniversityMazandaran University of Medical SciencesKhalifa University of Science, Technology and ResearchOmron HealthcareKarolinska InstitutetUniversitas Muhammadiyah SurakartaJordan University of Science and TechnologyHaramaya UniversityMinistry of Health and Medical EducationIlam University of Medical SciencesImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityUniversitat de ValènciaU.S. Department of Veterans AffairsBundesministerium für GesundheitEscola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio AroucaMbarara University of Science and TechnologyAhmadu Bello UniversityUniversity of South AustraliaAkademiska SjukhusetDalhousie UniversityMinistero della SaluteCentral South UniversityEmory UniversityNanjing UniversityUniversidade de LisboaUniversity of CalcuttaStudent Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesWashington University in St. LouisFoundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and ResearchUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaNational Taiwan University HospitalHormozgan University of Medical SciencesAmirkabir University of TechnologyUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisUniversity of AlbertaInternational Medical UniversityHelsingin YliopistoAristotle University of ThessalonikiIslamic Azad UniversityJohns Hopkins UniversityKyung Hee UniversitySeoul National 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KeywordsBurden of diseaseMedicineDisease burdenDiseaseMEDLINEIntensive care medicineInternal medicinePolitical science
Abstract
No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.
No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.009
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.017
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.020
Threshold uncertainty score0.050
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.017 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.648
GPT teacher head0.592
Teacher spread0.056 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreReview
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations684
Published2020
Admission routes1
Has abstractno