Effects of vanadium (sodium metavanadate) and aflatoxin-B1 on cytochrome p450 activities, DNA damage and DNA methylation in human liver cell lines
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vanadium is considered as “possibly carcinogenic to humans” (V2O5, IARC Group 2B), yet uncertainties persist related to the toxicity mechanisms of the multiple forms of vanadium. Exposure to vanadium often co-occurs with other metals or with organic compounds that can be transformed by cytochrome p450 (CYP) enzymes into DNA-reactive carcinogens. Therefore, effects of a soluble form of vanadium (sodium metavanadate, NaVO3) and aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1) were tested separately and together, for induction of CYP activities, DNA damage (γH2AX and DNA alkaline unwinding assays), and DNA methylation changes (global genome and DNA repeats) in HepaRG or HepG2 liver cell lines. NaVO3 (≥ 2.3 μM) reduced CYP1A1 and CYP3A4 activities and induced DNA damage, butcaused important cell proliferation only in HepaRG cells. As a binary mixture, NaVO3 did not modify the effects of AFB1. There was no reproducible effect of NaVO3 (<21 μM) on DNA methylation in AluYb8, satellite-α, satellite-2, and by the luminometric methylation assay, but DNA methylation flow-cytometry signals in HepG2 cells (25–50 μM) increased at the G1 and G2 cell cycle phases. In conclusion, cell lines responded differently to NaVO3 supporting the importance of investigating more than one cell line, and a carcinogenic role of NaVO3 might reside at low concentrations by stimulating the proliferation of tumorigenic cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".