Fine‐Scale Structure of Earth's Deep Mantle Resolved Through Statistical Analysis of Hawaiian Basalt Geochemistry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Hawaiian volcanoes belong to two geographically and geochemically distinct trends, the Loa and Kea trends. The cause of this dichotomy is still strongly debated. One of the prevailing hypotheses is that the two trends originate in the deep mantle where the Hawaiian mantle plume straddles two geophysically and geochemically distinct domains at the core‐mantle boundary (CMB). New high‐precision multi‐isotopic (Pb, Hf, Nd, and Sr) compositions of lavas from three key volcanoes, Lō‘ihi, Kohala, and Haleakalā, show transitional signatures between Loa and Kea compositions that call into question the degree of physical independence between the two trends. Statistical analysis of multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer or triple‐spike Pb ( n > 800) and Sr, Nd, and Hf data ( n > 400) for shield tholeiites from the entire Hawaiian Islands (<5.5 Ma) identifies six unique geochemical groups, and for the first time, documents large‐scale heterogeneities in the Kea trend. The spatial orientation of the six geochemical groups shows that the bilateral zonation of the plume source at the CMB is gradational, and that the Hawaiian mantle plume periodically entrains large‐scale ephemeral geochemical heterogeneities on million‐year, regional timescales. These geochemical heterogeneities are stretched vertically during transit of the plume to the surface and are observed in the lavas from the Hawaiian Islands. These results provide evidence that the large low shear velocity province in the deep Pacific is thermochemical and highly heterogeneous.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".