Effective investments due to seasonal morphological changes? Possible reasons and consequences of allometric growth and reproduction in adult signal crayfish (<i>Pacifastacus leniusculus</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852)) are among the most invasive macroinvertebrates in Europe, representing economic value as well as serious threats to ecosystems. Despite decades of research, uncertainties with respect to its biology remain. The present study describes the observations of adult signal crayfish during a single growing season, with a sex ratio of 1:1, reared under natural ambient conditions, in which moulting events, growth increments, morphological changes, mortality, and reproductive output were monitored. Two moults were observed in the majority of both sexes, with significant differences in moult growth increments of once- and twice-moulted animals. These led to modifications in morphology during the growing season. Females showed isometric growth at the first moult, while, at the second moult, they strengthened the functional state of structures linked to reproduction. In males, the effect was similar, but to a lesser extent, with extensive chelae development at the second moult. There were no differences in relative fecundity of once- and twice-moulted females. However, signal crayfish have different needs during the growing and reproductive seasons. The presented results indicate the ability to use resources according to current needs (development of strategical body parts) via their seasonal morphological plasticity as seen in representatives of the family Cambaridae.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".