GWTC-2: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo during the First Half of the Third Observing Run

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Abstract

We report on gravitational-wave discoveries from compact binary coalescences detected by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo in the first half of the third observing run (O3a) between 1 April 2019 <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:mrow><a:mn>15</a:mn><a:mo>∶</a:mo><a:mn>00</a:mn></a:mrow></a:math> UTC and 1 October 2019 <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><c:mrow><c:mn>15</c:mn><c:mo>∶</c:mo><c:mn>00</c:mn></c:mrow></c:math> UTC. By imposing a false-alarm-rate threshold of two per year in each of the four search pipelines that constitute our search, we present 39 candidate gravitational-wave events. At this threshold, we expect a contamination fraction of less than 10%. Of these, 26 candidate events were reported previously in near-real time through gamma-ray coordinates network notices and circulars; 13 are reported here for the first time. The catalog contains events whose sources are black hole binary mergers up to a redshift of approximately 0.8, as well as events whose components cannot be unambiguously identified as black holes or neutron stars. For the latter group, we are unable to determine the nature based on estimates of the component masses and spins from gravitational-wave data alone. The range of candidate event masses which are unambiguously identified as binary black holes (both objects <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><e:mo>≥</e:mo><e:mn>3</e:mn><e:mtext> </e:mtext><e:mtext> </e:mtext><e:msub><e:mi>M</e:mi><e:mo stretchy="false">⊙</e:mo></e:msub></e:math>) is increased compared to GWTC-1, with total masses from approximately <h:math xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><h:mn>14</h:mn><h:mtext> </h:mtext><h:mtext> </h:mtext><h:msub><h:mi>M</h:mi><h:mo stretchy="false">⊙</h:mo></h:msub></h:math> for GW190924_021846 to approximately <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><k:mn>150</k:mn><k:mtext> </k:mtext><k:mtext> </k:mtext><k:msub><k:mi>M</k:mi><k:mo stretchy="false">⊙</k:mo></k:msub></k:math> for GW190521. For the first time, this catalog includes binary systems with significantly asymmetric mass ratios, which had not been observed in data taken before April 2019. We also find that 11 of the 39 events detected since April 2019 have positive effective inspiral spins under our default prior (at 90% credibility), while none exhibit negative effective inspiral spin. Given the increased sensitivity of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, the detection of 39 candidate events in approximately 26 weeks of data (approximately 1.5 per week) is consistent with GWTC-1. Published by the American Physical Society 2021

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The record

Venue

Physical Review X

Topic

Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research

Field

Physics and Astronomy

Canadian institutions

Université de MontréalPolytechnique MontréalUniversity of British Columbia

Funders

Division of Human Resource DevelopmentNational Research, Development and Innovation OfficeSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungScience and Technology Facilities CouncilMax-Planck-GesellschaftEuropean Regional Development FundCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueICTP South American Institute for Fundamental ResearchNemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs HivatalNational Research FoundationVlaamse regeringAustralian Research CouncilMinistério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e ComunicaçõesNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaMinistry of Science and Technology, TaiwanMinistry of Education, IndiaConseil Régional, Île-de-FranceFonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRSNarodowe Centrum NaukiScottish Universities Physics AllianceNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Research Foundation of KoreaHungarian Scientific Research FundGeneralitat de CatalunyaGeneralitat ValencianaAgencia Estatal de InvestigaciónGovern de les Illes BalearsNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekRussian Science FoundationResearch Corporation for Science AdvancementFonds Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekAgence Nationale de la RechercheKavli FoundationConselleria de Innovación, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital, Generalitat ValencianaRussian Foundation for Basic ResearchResearch Grants Council, University Grants CommitteeCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research, IndiaFundacja na rzecz Nauki PolskiejAbdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical PhysicsInstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareLeverhulme TrustEuropean CommissionCentres de Recerca de CatalunyaInstitut des Origines de LyonScottish Funding CouncilIstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareDepartment of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, IndiaScience and Engineering Research BoardNational Science FoundationRoyal Society

Keywords

LIGOBinary black holeBinary numberRedshiftGravitational waveSkyBlack hole (networking)

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