Search for proton decay via <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">→</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mi>π</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">→</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mi>π</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math> with an enlarged fiducial volume in Super-Kamiokande I-IV
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have searched for proton decay via $p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ and $p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ modes with the enlarged fiducial volume data of Super-Kamiokande from April 1996 to May 2018, which corresponds to $450\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{kton}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathrm{years}$ exposure. We have accumulated about 25% more livetime and enlarged the fiducial volume of the Super-Kamiokande detector from 22.5 kton to 27.2 kton for this analysis, so that $144\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{kton}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathrm{years}$ of data, including $78\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{kton}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathrm{years}$ of additional fiducial volume data, has been newly analyzed. No candidates have been found for $p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ and one candidate remains for $p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ in the conventional 22.5 kton fiducial volume and it is consistent with the atmospheric neutrino background prediction. We set lower limits on the partial lifetime for each of these modes: $\ensuremath{\tau}/B(p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0})>2.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{34}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{years}$ and $\ensuremath{\tau}/B(p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0})>1.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{34}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{years}$ at 90% confidence level.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.005 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.010 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.009 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.023 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".