Cross-talk between coagulation and inflammation in COPD. The role of Factor XIII
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<b>Background:</b> Components of the coagulation system, such as fibrin polymerization, may markedly modulate inflammatory processes. Factor XIII (FXIII), a protein responsible for fibrin polymerization, is modulated by CXCR3, an immune amplifier receptor that is upregulated in COPD, suggesting that FXIII might be a proinflammatory factor in COPD. <b>Aim:</b> To investigate whether the FXIII-CXCR3 complex is involved in the inflammatory process of COPD. <b>Methods:</b> In lung specimens from 22 smokers with COPD (COPD) [FEV<sub>1</sub>:55±15(%)], 14 smokers without COPD (noCOPD) and 11 nonsmokers (NS), the expression of FXIII and CXCR3 and the number of CD8<sup>+</sup>Tcells were quantified by immunohistochemistry in alveolar macrophages (FXIII<sup>+</sup>AM%), in the alveolar walls (FXIII<sup>+</sup>cells/mm and CD8<sup>+</sup>Tcells/mm) and in lung tissue (CXCR3<sup>+</sup>cells/mm<sup>2</sup>). <b>Results:</b> FXIII<sup>+</sup>AM were increased in COPD [75(25-98)%] compared to noCOPD [45(21-97) p=0.04)] and NS [20(0-5) p=0.0001]. In the alveolar walls, FXIII and CD8<sup>+</sup>Tcells were increased in COPD [4(1-8) FXIII<sup>+</sup>cell/mm, 7(1-13) CD8<sup>+</sup>Tcell/mm] compared to NS [1(0-4) FXIII<sup>+</sup>cell/mm, 3(1-3) CD8<sup>+</sup>Tcell/mm; p<0.05]. This pattern was paralleled by CXCR3 expression in lung tissue, that was increased in COPD [44(5-100) cell/mm<sup>2</sup>] and noCOPD [35(25-50)] compared to NS [9(8-32) p<0.05], and was related to FXIII expression (p=0.01). FXIII expression was inversely related to FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC(%) (r=-0.46 p=0.006). <b>Conclusion:</b> FXIII, an important coagulation factor, is upregulated in COPD and related to CXCR3 expression and to severity of airflow obstruction, suggesting that it could be implicated in the mechanisms leading to lung inflammation in COPD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".