Reducing <scp><i>V</i><sub>OC</sub></scp> loss via structure compatible and high <scp>lowest unoccupied molecular orbital</scp> nonfullerene acceptors for over 17%‐efficiency ternary organic photovoltaics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The ternary strategy is effectual to attain high‐performance organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Herein, device processing and performance of PM6:Y6:IT‐4F OPVs is improved, and ITIC‐Th with high‐lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital is incorporated into PM6: Y6 blend. The PM6:Y6: ITIC‐Th device afforded an excellent PCE of 17.2%, surpassing PM6: Y6 device, and becoming one of the highest PCE. The resulting ITIC‐Th‐based ternary OSCs demonstrated low energy loss ( E loss ) of 0.53 to 0.54 eV, as compared to their binary counterparts with either high open‐circuit voltage ( V OC ) but large E loss , or less E loss but low V OC . The incorporation of ITIC‐Th and IT‐4F balanced the charge mobilities, and thereby retained and improved fill factors. Increased crystalline coherence length and smaller d‐spacing of π ‐ π peaks are also observed in ternary blends, indicating enhanced crystallinity and thus improved active‐layer morphology. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of exploring the exciting pool of nonfullerene acceptors to pursue new breakthroughs of OPVs. image
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".