Changes in organ size and nutrient reserves of arctic terns (<i>Sterna paradisaea</i>) breeding near a High Arctic polynya
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea) is a ubiquitous migratory seabird of the High Arctic, currently thought to be in decline in most of the circumpolar world, but surprisingly little is known of its biology at high latitudes. We studied organ size and nutrient reserves of arctic terns breeding beside a High Arctic polynya in Nunavut, Canada, from their arrival at the colony into the chick-rearing period. Both males and females had a decrease in gizzard size through breeding, with gizzard mass during chick-rearing 39 percent lower than on arrival at the breeding grounds. Through the duration of the breeding season, heart, liver, and small intestine showed little change, but females had higher fat and protein stores than males. Terns from this colony likely have increasing fat levels and high body condition due to proximity to a highly productive polynya, where terns appear to gain more energy than they expend during foraging trips. This suggests that though terns at this colony may be near the northern limit of their range, local conditions have a strong impact on organ and nutrient reserve dynamics of these arctic seabirds.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".