Understanding Early Hemophilic Arthropathy in Children and Adolescents Through MRI <scp>T<sub>2</sub></scp> Mapping
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Persons with hemophilia experience hemarthrosis, which can lead to cartilage degeneration, causing physical impairment. MRI T2 mapping has the potential to be used as a tool to evaluate early arthropathic changes and cartilage degeneration in patients with hemophilia. Purpose To assess the value of MRI‐T2 mapping as a tool for investigating the cartilage status of children and adolescents with hemophilic arthropathy. Study Type Prospective, cross‐sectional. Subjects Twenty‐eight boys with hemophilia (aged 5–17 years) and 23 healthy boys (aged 7–17 years). Field Strength/Sequences A multiecho spin‐echo T2‐weighted gradient echo sequence was used on a 3.0T magnet. Assessment MRI‐T2 maps of ankle (tibia‐talus) (n = 19) or knee (femur‐tibia) (n = 9) cartilage were assessed in hemophilia and healthy groups. An anatomically‐based MRI score was also assigned to each ankle/knee. Statistical Tests Pearson's correlation coefficient (r), linear regression, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Results Negative associations between age and ankle/knee cartilage T2 relaxation times were found in hemophilia (r = –0.72 [P = 0.03] to –0.55 [P = 0.01]) and healthy (r = –0.84 [P < 0.001] to –0.55 [P = 0.20]) groups. There were nonsignificant associations between ankle cartilage T2 relaxation times and MRI scores (r = –0.15 [P = 0.54] to 0.31 [P = 0.19]). Data Conclusion Results of this clinical investigation emphasize the potential importance of MRI‐T2 maps as a tool to understand the functional status of cartilage in children and adolescents with hemophilic arthropathy, while holding promise for the detection of early cartilage degeneration prior to macroscopic characterization by conventional MRI. MRI‐T2 mapping may provide novel information that is not reflected in the anatomically‐based MRI scoring system. Level of Evidence 3 Technical Efficacy Stage 2
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".