Investigation of catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of anisole as bio‐oil model compound over <scp>Ni‐Mo</scp>/<scp>TiO<sub>2</sub></scp> and <scp>Ni‐V</scp>/<scp>TiO<sub>2</sub></scp> catalysts: Synthesis, kinetic, and reaction pathways studies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This work investigates the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of a model component (anisole) of lignocellulose biomass over Mo‐ and V‐promoted Ni deposited on titania support. The physico‐chemical properties of each material were elucidated, and reactions were studied over a wide range of temperatures to enable examination of kinetic parameters. Crystallite sizes were estimated and were corroborated strongly by the transmission electron microscopy results. The presence of Ni, Ti, Mo, and V species was confirmed through X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Significant HDO activity for both the catalysts could be attributed to high dispersions of metals and acidic sites, which were affected by the interaction between Ni metal and the titania support. The higher activity of Ni‐Mo/TiO 2 may have resulted from the high Ni/Ti surface atomic ratio, which was confirmed by XPS. The major product of the anisole HDO reactions was phenol. Interestingly, a considerable amount of benzene and cyclohexane was also noticed in the anisole HDO reaction. The overall activation energy values for anisole reactions over Ni‐Mo/TiO 2 and Ni‐V/TiO 2 were 80.9 kJ/mol and 53.9 kJ/mol, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".