Response to a glucose tolerance test in early-lactation Holstein cows receiving a supplementation of biotin, folic acid, and vitamin B12
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate glucose and insulin metabolism of cows receiving a supplementation of biotin (B 8 ), folic acid (B 9 ), and vitamin B 12 (B 12 ) during the transition period. According to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, 32 cows were randomly assigned to 9 incomplete blocks according to their previous 305-d milk yield. Within each block, cows were randomly assigned to 1 of the following levels of biotin from −27 to 28 d relative to the parturition: (1) no biotin supplement (B 8 −) or (2) 20 mg/d of dietary biotin (B 8 +). Within each level of biotin, the cows received either (1) 2-mL weekly intramuscular injections of saline 0.9% NaCl (B 9 B 12 −) or (2) 2.6 g/d of dietary folic acid and 2-mL weekly intramuscular injections of 10 mg of vitamin B 12 (B 9 B 12 +). An intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed at 25 d in milk. Baseline plasma glucagon, glucose, and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations did not differ among treatments. For B 9 B 12 + cows, baseline plasma insulin concentration and maximal glucose concentration after glucose administration were greater when also combined with biotin compared with no biotin combination, whereas there was no effect in B 9 B 12 − cows. There was no treatment effect on time to reach half-maximal glucose and insulin concentrations, glucose positive incremental area under the curve, and glucose and insulin clearance rates. Regarding insulin results, maximal plasma concentration and positive incremental area under the curve were respectively 51 and 74% greater for cows receiving the B 8 supplement than for cows who did not. Moreover, plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentration nadir tended to be reached later for B 8 cows. Insulin peak was reached earlier for cows in the group B 9 B 12 + than cows in B 9 B 12 −, regardless of B 8 supplementation. Under the current conditions, our results suggested that cows receiving a B 8 supplement had a reduced insulin sensitivity in early lactation. Insulin response was faster for B 9 B 12 + cows, but this was not translated into further improvements following the glucose administration challenge.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".