QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY BILIARY CHOLANGITIS DURING CANADA'S STATE OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO COVID-19
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Canadian provinces initiated states of emergency (SoE) between March 13 and March 23 2020 due to community transmission of COVID-19 We explore changes in self-reported quality of life (QoL) in patients with PBC early-on during SoE Methods: Patients with PBC from the Canadian Network for Autoimmune Liver disease who completed QoL questionnaires between July 2019 and June 2020 are included Questionnaires include the Short-Form 36 (SF-36), PBC-40, and Itch Numeric Rating Scale (iNRS) Measurements during SoE are after March 17 2020, date of SoE initiation in Ontario Measurements before Feb 1 2020 are pre-SoE Measurements between Feb 1 and March 16 2020 are excluded given growing societal concern during this time, but no formal SoE Analyses include mixed effects regressions of QoL scores with SoE as a binary variable Models are adjusted for duration of disease and age at diagnosis and employ random intercepts at clinic and patient level Results: 312 patients were included from Toronto (64%, n=198), Montreal (14%, n=43), Edmonton (7 7%, n=24), Ottawa (5 8%, n=18), Saskatoon (5 4%, n=17), and Kingston (3 8%, n=12) The majority of patients were female (93%, n=291), Caucasian (82%, n=256), and born in Canada (78%, n=242) Mean age was 58 6 years (SD 10 8), mean age at diagnosis was 49 3 years (SD 11 0), mean duration of disease was 9 0 years (SD 7 2), and 6 4% (n=20) had overlap with autoimmune hepatitis Patients had a mean of 1 3 (SD 0 5) repeated measures (maximum 3) 219 patients had measures pre-SoE and 128 had measurements during SoE Estimated mean SF-36 physical component scores were similar before and during the first 3 months of SoE (41 9 vs 40 7, p=0 16), as were SF-36 mental component scores (43 3 vs 43 5, p=0 91) When compared to average Canadian population SF-36 scores, patients with PBC had significantly worse scores before and during SoE (p<0 001 all comparisons) PBC-40 domain scores remained stable, with estimated mean values before and during SoE as follows: Symptoms 13 8 vs 14 2 (p=0 32), Fatigue 24 9 vs 25 0 (p=0 81), Cognitive 10 8 vs 11 1 (p=0 47), Socio-Emotional 25 4 vs 26 2 (p=0 20), Itch 4 7 vs 4 9 (p=0 44) There was a small but statistically significant increase in estimated mean iNRS score, from 2 4 pre-SoE to 3 3 during the first 3 months of SoE (p<0 001) Conclusion: Quality of life scores remained largely stable during the first three months of Canada's SoE SF-36 scores in patients with PBC were significantly worse than Canada's general population Analyses should be updated as Canada's SoE continues
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".