Risk of Osteoarthritis in an Incident Cohort of People With Psoriatic Arthritis: A Population-based Cohort Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective. To determine the risk of a diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA) in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) compared to patients with psoriasis and a general population cohort. Methods. Incident PsA patients aged 18–89 years at diagnosis were identified from the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink between 1998 and 2014. All patients with PsA were matched to 2 cohorts of patients, both at a 1:4 ratio. The first cohort included patients with psoriasis (and no PsA) and the second was a general population cohort (with no psoriasis or PsA). The baseline prevalence of OA was calculated for each study cohort. The incidence of OA was calculated, and adjusted relative risks (RRadj) were calculated using conditional Poisson regression. Results. We identified 6783 incident PsA patients. The baseline prevalence of OA ranged from 22.1% (95% CI 21.1–23.1) in the PsA cohort to 12.6% (95% CI 12.2–13.0) and 11.0% (95% CI 10.6–11.3) in the psoriasis and general population cohorts, respectively. The incidence of OA was significantly higher in the PsA cohort compared to the psoriasis and general population cohorts after adjusting for BMI (RRadj 1.68, 95% CI 1.46–1.93, and RRadj 1.86, 95% CI 1.62–2.14, respectively). Conclusion. An increased risk of OA was observed in patients with PsA compared to patients with psoriasis alone and those in the general population. Further work is needed to determine whether this reflects a true increase in OA risk or misdiagnosed PsA, and the extent to which it can be explained by differences in the opportunity for OA diagnosis between cohorts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Observational | high |
| gpt | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Observational | high |
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".