Increasing Head Circumference from Hydrocephalus, Not Only in Young Children: Case Report of a 7-Year-Old
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Increasing head circumference is a common presentation of hydrocephalus within the first 2 years of life but is extremely rare in older children or adults. Here, we present a rare case of rapidly increasing head circumference, as the sole symptom, as a new diagnosis of hydrocephalus in a 7-year-old boy, who then re-presented with an increasing head circumference at the time of a VPS malfunction a year later. Case: A 7-year-old was referred to neurosurgery for papilledema and increased headaches. The mother reports a rapidly increasing head circumference necessitating changes in hat size at least twice in the last few months. The CT gave the diagnosis of a Dandy-Walker spectrum malformation and hydrocephalus. A VPS was therefore inserted, with a stabilisation of his head circumference for a few months. He presented again with a rapidly increasing head circumference over the course of a few months, from 57 cm up to 59.5 cm, in the setting of progressive headaches consistent with increased ICP. The patient subsequently underwent a shunt valve replacement to improve CSF diversion. Methods: The patient was followed over 18 months from diagnosis to shunt revision, with MRI of the head. Volumetric measurements of the ventricles and head circumference are compared over the same time period. Conclusion: We present a unique case of increasing head circumference in a 7-year-old boy with Dandy Walker spectrum malformation, who then had another rapid increase almost two years later with a shunt dysfunction. To our knowledge, no similar cases of that age were reported in the literature.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".