Supermassive black holes and their host galaxies – ii. The correlation with near-infrared luminosity revisited
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present an investigation of the scaling relations between Supermassive Black Hole (SMBH) masses (Mbh), and their host galaxies' K-band bulge (Lbul) and total (Ltot) luminosities. The wide-field WIRCam imager at the Canada-France-Hawaii-Telescope (CFHT) was used to obtain the deepest and highest resolution near infrared images available for a sample of 35 galaxies with securely measured Mbh, selected irrespective of Hubble type. For each galaxy, we derive bulge and total magnitudes using a two-dimensional image decomposition code that allows us to account, if necessary, for large- and small-scale disks, cores, bars, nuclei, rings, envelopes and spiral arms. We find that the present-day Mbh-Lbul and Mbh-Ltot relations have consistent intrinsic scatter, suggesting that Mbh correlates equally well with bulge and total luminosity of the host. Our analysis provides only mild evidence of a decreased scatter if the fit is restricted to elliptical galaxies. The log-slopes of the Mbh-Lbul and Mbh-Ltot relations are 0.75+/-0.10 and 0.92+/-0.14, respectively. However, while the slope of the Mbh-Lbul relation depends on the detail of the image decomposition, the characterization of Mbh-Ltot does not. Given the difficulties and ambiguities of decomposing galaxy images into separate components, our results indicate that Ltot is more suitable as a tracer of SMBH mass than Lbul, and that the Mbh-Ltot relation should be used when studying the co-evolution of SMBHs and galaxies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".