Electrokinetic Removal of Cd and Cu from Mine Tailing: EDTA Enhancement and Voltage Intensity Effects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigated electrokinetic removal of cadmium and copper from contaminated soil of the Koushk mine tailing dam. The effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) 0.1 M as catholyte and NaOH 0.1 M as an anolyte was investigated. Two voltage gradients, 1 and 2 V/cm, were used in the study. Therefore, six sets of tests were conducted, five 10-day tests and one 13-day test. The study measured pH, electroosmosis flow, electric current, and the concentration of the target metals. The energy expenditure of each test was calculated based on the measured electrical current. The results indicate that usage of EDTA as the catholyte along with distilled water as anolyte did not enhance the cadmium and copper removal. This could be due to antagonistically affected results from competition between metal cations and the EDTA. Application of NaOH instead of distilled water as an anolyte incorporated with EDTA as catholyte showed better remediation results, which might be due to facilitating metal–EDTA movement and formation. A study on the voltage intensity revealed that higher voltage applications can improve metal removal. The final 13-day test showed better removal efficiency compared with similar 10-day test.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".