Comparison of Body Composition Assessment Using Air-Displacement Plethysmography and A-Mode Ultrasound before and after a 12-Week Exercise Intervention in Normal Weight Adult Males
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Body composition (BC) is a valuable indicator of health and performance. Air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) is a popular, efficient, and reliable method for assessing BC. A-mode ultrasonography (AUS) is another method, and its affordability, mobility, and practicality make it a plausible device for industry and health professionals. This study assessed the cross-sectional and change relationships and agreements between AUS and ADP from a 12-week resistance exercise intervention designed to increase fat-free mass (FFM). BC was measured by both modalities pre/post-intervention. Twenty-nine normal weight males (age: 20.6 ± 2.2 years) participated. Both modalities tracked changes in FFM and % body fat (%BF) (∆ADP = 1.7 ± 1.5 kg, −0.4 ± 2.5%; ∆AUS = 2.4 ± 1.9 kg, −1.4 ± 2.1%; main effects for time p < .005, respectively), with no differences between modalities (interactions p > .05), and were moderately significantly correlated (r = 0.58 and r = 0.60, p < .01). Bland-Altman plots revealed no proportional biases. These devices tracked changes in FFM and %BF similarly over time. Future research should assess AUS at different levels of adiposity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".