Application of Artificial Neural Network for Forecasting Nitrate Concentration as a Water Quality Parameter: A Case Study of Feitsui Reservoir, Taiwan
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Water resources play a vital role in various economies such as agriculture, forestry, cattle farming, hydropower generation, fisheries, industrial activity, and other creative activities, as well as the need for drinking water. Monitoring the water quality parameters in rivers is becoming increasingly relevant as freshwater is increasingly being used. In this study, the artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed and applied to predict nitrate (NO3) as a water quality parameter (WQP) in the Feitsui reservoir, Taiwan. For the input of the model, five water quality parameters were monitored and used namely, ammonium (NH3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate (NO3) and phosphate (PO4) as input parameters. As a statistical measurement, the correlation coefficient (R) is used to evaluate the performance of the model. The result shows that ANN is an accurate model for predicting nitrate as a water quality parameter in the Feitsui reservoir. The regression value for the training, testing, validation, and overall are 0.92, 0.93, 0.99, and 0.94, respectively.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it