Perspectives of Contractors and Insurance Companies on Construction Safety Practices: Case of a Middle Eastern Developing Country
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The construction industry has long been a major contributor to worldwide occupational injuries and fatalities. The construction industry in Lebanon, a developing country, is no exception in contributing thousands of occupational injuries annually. Previous studies concluded that most Lebanese contractors do neither adopt proper safety practices nor properly implement safety manuals, especially with the absence of governmental enforcement and safety control. Moreover, insurance companies aggravate the existing problem through adopting shaky methods of evaluating premiums, which solely considers the contractor’s unreliable history of accidents. As such, a contractor safety index is proposed, which aims to assess a contractor’s safety status by evaluating the safety practices that the contractor implements. This index can be used by insurance companies when evaluating premiums can motivate contractors to enhance their safety practices in order to achieve a lower premium rate. The current paper presents and analyzes the results of a survey conducted with contractors and insurance companies to evaluate common construction safety practices that will be adopted within the proposed index. Results can help identify which practices would be more impactful on work progress and insurance premiums according to the perspectives of contractors and insurance companies respectively. Findings of the paper aim to improve the existing safety standards and promote a safety culture in the construction industry in Lebanon and other developing countries.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it