Revisiting the restricted movement paradigm: the dispersal of Atlantic salmon fry from artificial redds
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The restricted movement paradigm (RMP) asserts that stream fishes are sedentary, living much of their lives within a single reach. To test the RMP, we implanted eyed Atlantic salmon eggs (Salmo salar) into a total of 19 artificial redds, in seven salmon-free streams, in 6 years, and estimated summer fry dispersal through electrofishing surveys. As expected, most fry dispersed downstream, but an average of 35% moved upstream. Surprisingly, fry moved just as far upstream as downstream (medians = 403 and 404 m, respectively). Fry were larger at lower densities and farther from redd sites, consistent with density-dependent growth, and larger upstream than downstream, possibly indicating that larger fry were better able to move upstream against the current. Dispersal distances were normally distributed around all but two of 19 redds, and half of the downstream dispersal curves were best described by unimodal distributions, consistent with a homogeneous movement strategy. Our data suggest that salmon fry were more mobile and move upstream more than previously thought, which should facilitate their stocking or reintroduction to new habitats.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".