Health Care Use Before First Heart Failure Hospitalization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to describe the pattern of health care contacts in patients ultimately presenting with incident hospitalization for acute heart failure (HF) compared with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation or stable HF. BACKGROUND: Little is known about how effectively HF is detected before the first acute hospitalization. METHODS: We compared 79,389 patients divided into 3 matched population cohorts in Ontario, Canada (2006-2013) with incident acute HF hospitalization, incident COPD hospitalization, or stable HF. The outcome of interest was the aggregate number of health care contacts occurring in each of the thirteen 28-day periods in the year preceding the index hospitalization. Health care contacts were defined as the total number of outpatient physician visits, hospitalizations for unrelated conditions, or emergency department visits. RESULTS: Acutely hospitalized patients with HF had a significant increase in health care contacts as time approached the index hospitalization. Patients with acute HF had a 28% increase in health care contacts in the last time period before the index hospitalization (adjusted rate ratio [RR]: 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25 to 1.31; p < 0.001) compared with matched COPD controls. Compared with stable HF, acutely hospitalized patients had a 75% increase in health care contacts during the same time period (RR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.71 to 1.79; p < 0.001). HF patients 20 to 40 years of age had an accelerated increase in the rate of health care contacts compared with those ≥65 years of age before index HF hospitalization (RR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.28; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients consulted physicians multiple times before their incident acute HF hospitalization. These health care contacts could represent missed opportunities to prevent hospitalizations for HF.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".