3D printing of rock analogues in sand: a tool for design and repeatable testing of geomechanical and transport properties
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Natural rocks can be heterogeneous due to complex diagenetic processes that affect mineralogy and pore architecture. Correlation of geomechanical and transport properties of rocks in three dimensions can lead to large variances in data when tested experimentally. 3D-printing of rock analogues in sand is a promising alternative for experimental testing that can be used to calibrate variables during geotechnical testing. While 3D-printed sand is a homogeneous material, the parameters for creating grain packing and pore infill can be tuned to mimic specific geomechanical and transport properties. Initially, 3D-printed specimens have a low density due to a loose distribution of grains. Herein, we present our efforts at increasing the density through incorporating a roller in the printing process to compact individual layers. We also propose introduction of a more heterogeneous sand mixture that encompasses a wide range of grain-size distributions. Lastly, a discussion between binder saturation (that infills the pore space) of 3D-printed specimens and the axial strength, dimensional control, and porosity is described within. 3D printing of rock analogues is critical in pursuing rigorous destructive tests required for geotechnical and geological engineering because it can provide repeatable, controlled data on rock properties.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it