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Record W3104936155 · doi:10.1139/cjb-2019-0191

Nutritional composition of saskatoon berries: a review

2020· review· en· W3104936155 on OpenAlexaffvenueabout
Jim Fang

Bibliographic record

VenueBotany · 2020
Typereview
Languageen
FieldAgricultural and Biological Sciences
TopicCassava research and cyanide
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Saskatchewan
Fundersnot available
KeywordsBerryQuercetinFood scienceBotanyChemistryFlavonolsCyanidinAscorbic acidAnthocyaninBiologyBiochemistryAntioxidant

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Saskatoon berry [Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt., Rosaceae], also known as serviceberry, is a deciduous shrub native to the northern prairies and plains of North America. Saskatoon berries are an excellent source of typical health-promoting nutrients such as fibers, minerals (manganese, calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron), and vitamins (tocopherol, pyridoxine, riboflavin, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, thiamin, pantothenic acid). Saskatoon berries are rich in health-promoting phytochemical compounds, mainly anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-arabinoside, and cyanidin-3-xyloside), flavonols (quercetin-3-galactoside, quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin-3-arabinoglucoside, quercetin-3-arabinoside, quercetin-3-rutinoside, and quercetin-3-xyloside), proanthocyanidins (A- and B-type procyanidins with different degrees of polymerization), phenolic acids, and volatile components. The total fat content of saskatoon berry seed oil is 99 g/100 g of oil, of which 9.8 g/100 g is saturated fat, 31 g/100 g is monounsaturated fat, and 58 g/100 g is cis–cis polyunsaturated fat. Saskatoon berry seed oil contains approximately 10 g of phytosterols per kilogram of oil (β-sitosterol, Δ 5 -avenasterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol). In mature (purple) saskatoon berries, the content of cyanogenic compounds amygdalin and prunasin were found to be 42–118 mg/kg and 5–17 mg/kg of fresh weight, respectively. These compounds are confined to the seeds, which greatly slows down their absorption when saskatoon berry fruit are consumed. In summary, saskatoon berries are emerging as a functional food because they are an excellent source of minerals, fiber, and phenolic compounds such as anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.967
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.065
GPT teacher head0.315
Teacher spread0.250 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations13
Published2020
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

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