Gliptin-Induced Bullous Pemphigoid: Canadian Case Series of 10 Patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a chronic immune-mediated vesiculobullous disorder. Recently, several reports have described dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, also known as gliptins, as causative agents for drug-induced BP. OBJECTIVE: To report and describe clinical and histologic characteristics of 10 cases of gliptin-induced BP. RESULTS: We identified 10 patients with gliptin-induced BP. Nine were secondary to linagliptin, and 1 case was attributed to sitagliptin. All patients showed significant improvement after withdrawal of gliptin medications and proper medical treatment. There has been no evidence of relapse after 4 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: This report supports the proposed association between gliptins and BP. Physicians should be aware of this potential adverse effect, as gliptin-induced BP can be reversible once identified and the responsible medication is stopped. Early withdrawal of the offending drug and proper treatment can lead to rapid improvement and reduced morbidity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".