Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory uses 1000 tonnes of heavy water in an ultra-clean Cherenkov detector situated 2 km underground in Ontario, Canada to study neutrinos from the Sun and other astrophysical sources. The Charged Current (CC) reaction on deuterium is sensitive only to electron neutrinos whereas the Neutral Current (NC) is equally sensitive to all active neutrino types. By measuring the flux of neutrinos from 8B decay in the Sun with the CC and NC reactions it has been possible to establish clearly, through an appearance measurement, that electron neutrinos change to other active neutrino types, properties that are beyond the Standard Model of elementary particles. The observed total flux of active neutrinos agrees well with solar model flux calculations for 8B. This provides a clear answer to the "Solar Neutrino Problem". When these results are combined with other measurements, the oscillation of massive neutrinos is strongly defined as the primary mechanism for flavor change and oscillation parameters are well constrained.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.072 | 0.023 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".