Distribution of Number, Location of Pain and Comorbidities, and Determinants of Work Limitations among Firefighters
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction. The unique demands of firefighting results in acute, recurrent, or chronic pain complications. We aimed to describe the percentage distribution of number and location of painful sites among FFs and determine whether work limitations differed based on the number or location of painful sites, age, and/or sex. Methods. About 325 firefighters completed a work limitation questionnaire (WLQ-26) and a checklist to indicate painful regions of the body using either a paper format or an online survey. A one-way ANOVA was employed to analyze the transformed work limitation scores; this was a two-sided test with a significance level of <0.05, to determine if work limitations differed among firefighters based on the number or location of painful sites, age, and/or sex. Results. The data analyzed consisted of 325 ( <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"> <a:mtext>men</a:mtext> <a:mo>=</a:mo> <a:mn>216</a:mn> </a:math> , <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"> <c:mtext>women</c:mtext> <c:mo>=</c:mo> <c:mn>109</c:mn> </c:math> ) FFs in total. The percentage distribution of the number of painful sites in our study cohort was 43% no pain, 17% one painful site, 19% two painful sites, and 21% three or more painful sites. The percentage distribution of the locations of painful sites was 43% no pain, 41% spine, 9% lower extremity, and 7% upper extremity. An estimated 31% of FFs ( <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"> <e:mi>n</e:mi> <e:mo>=</e:mo> <e:mn>102</e:mn> </e:math> ) reported non-MSK comorbidities with 23% ( <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"> <g:mi>n</g:mi> <g:mo>=</g:mo> <g:mn>76</g:mn> </g:math> ) reporting at least one non-MSK comorbidity and 8% ( <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"> <i:mi>n</i:mi> <i:mo>=</i:mo> <i:mn>26</i:mn> </i:math> ) reported having two or more comorbidities. <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"> <k:mtext>FFs</k:mtext> <k:mo>></k:mo> <k:mn>45</k:mn> <k:mtext> </k:mtext> <k:mtext>years</k:mtext> </k:math> of age experienced more physical work limitations than <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7"> <m:mtext>FFs</m:mtext> <m:mo>≤</m:mo> <m:mn>45</m:mn> <m:mtext>years</m:mtext> </m:math> (mean difference: 0.74/10; 95% CI .19-1.29; <o:math xmlns:o="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8"> <o:mi>p</o:mi> <o:mo>=</o:mo> <o:mn>0.008</o:mn> </o:math> ). Conclusions. The majority of firefighters reported having at least one painful site and indicated the spine as the most common painful location. Age, the number of painful sites, and location of pain were identified as a potential contributor to physical/mental and work output limitations.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.027 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it