Ambipolar Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Pendant Tetrachlorinated Perylene Diimide for Symmetric Supercapacitors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pseudocapacitive polymers offer potential for higher energy densities than electrostatic double-layer capacitive materials and lower cost than pseudocapacitive metal oxides. These polymers typically demonstrate good stability when storing positive charges but poor stability when storing negative charges. The power and energy densities of these materials are also limited when the operating voltage window is restricted to positive voltages. The development of polymers capable of stable positive and negative charge storage is necessary to allow a wider voltage window and create high performance polymer supercapacitors. Here, we present a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-pendant tetrachlorinated perylene diimide polymer capable of storing positive and negative charges, which utilizes a donor–node–acceptor architecture to prevent electronic interactions between positive and negative charge storing units. The polymer films show balanced charge storage and excellent stability in both positive and negative charge storage, retaining more than 80% of their capacitance over 1000 cycles. The films demonstrate moderate capacitances of 78.6 F g –1 in the positive region and 73.1 F g –1 in the negative region at 0.5 A g –1, as well as excellent rate capabilities in positive and negative charge storage regions of 87 and 56% at 20 A g –1, respectively. The polymer film was applied as both electrodes in a symmetric type III supercapacitor device with a gel polymer electrolyte, demonstrating a wide operating potential range of 2.2 V. These results demonstrate that the cycling stability of ambipolar polymers can be improved using a donor–node–acceptor polymer architecture with an extended π-conjugated donor unit.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".