A call to action for improving clinical outcomes in patients with asthma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The management and treatment of asthma has undergone major changes since the inhalation of smoke generated from burning henbane in 1500 BC and Datura stramonium roots in the nineteenth century to alleviate asthma symptoms. From the use of anticholinergic alkaloids as first-line treatment, through the development of rapid-onset adrenergic bronchodilators for symptom relief, the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) to treat the underlying lung inflammation, the re-introduction of anticholinergics in the 2000s and the emergence of targeted biologic therapies, advances in asthma treatment have led to significant improvements in asthma morbidity and mortality. However, the disease burden remains significant, with asthma affecting 339 million individuals worldwide in 2016 (ref. Poor asthma control, exacerbations and even death continue to occur due to largely preventable factors, such as inappropriate prescriptions and/or inappropriate medication use. In Canada, total asthma costs are estimated to reach almost CAN$4.2 billion by 2030 (ref. Evaluation of direct healthcare costs over a 4-year period in British Columbia revealed that medication costs contributed most to total costs, followed by physician's visits and hospitalisations 3 .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".