Silencing <i>SmD1</i> in Solanaceae alters susceptibility to root-knot nematodes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are among the most damaging pests of agricultural crops. Indeed, Meloidogyne is an extremely polyphagous genus of nematodes that can infect thousands of plant species. A few genes for resistance (R-genes) to RKNs suitable for use in crop breeding have been identified, and new virulent strains and species of nematode emerge rendering these R-genes ineffective. Effective parasitism is dependent on the secretion, by the RKN, of effectors targeting plant functions, which mediate the reprogramming of root cells into specialised feeding cells. These cells, the giant cells, are essential for RKN development and reproduction. The EFFECTOR 18 protein (EFF18) from M. incognita interacts with the spliceosomal protein SmD1 in Arabidopsis, disrupting its function in alternative splicing regulation and modulating the giant cell transcriptome. We show here that EFF18 is a conserved RKN-specific effector. We also show here that EFF18 effectors also target SmD1 in Nicotiana benthamiana and Solanum lycopersicum . The alteration of SmD1 expression by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in Solanaceae affects giant cell formation and nematode development. Thus, SmD1 is a susceptibility gene and a promising target for the development of broad resistance, especially in Solanaceae, for the control of Meloidogyne spp.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".