Sustained Abdominal Exercises Affect Abdominal Muscle Activation and Maximal Expiratory Pressures Differently in Healthy Men and Women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: To compare the effects of sustained abdominal exercises—pelvic tilt and twist curl-up—on the magnitude of abdominal muscle activation and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) in healthy men and women. It was hypothesized that the activation would differ between men and women during these 3 exercise maneuvers. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, 10 healthy men and 10 women sustained pelvic tilt and twist curl-up exercises until task failure. Baseline MEP was compared with MEP immediately after both exercises. The root mean square of the internal oblique, rectus abdominis, external oblique, and transverse abdominis were evaluated during pelvic tilt, twist curl-up, and MEP. Results: Pelvic tilt and twist curl-up were sustained for similar durations. Twist curl-up induced higher activations and more shifts to lower median frequency in all 4 abdominals compared with pelvic tilt. Although internal oblique activation was highest during MEP and lowest during pelvic tilt in women, these comparisons did not differ in men. Maximal expiratory pressure tended to decrease after sustained pelvic tilt in women but did not change in men. Conclusions: Twist curl-up activated abdominal muscles more so than pelvic tilt. Some sex differences were shown that should be considered in future research of abdominal muscle exercise prescription.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".