Experimental Analysis of the Mass Transfer Coefficient and Interfacial Area in an Aerated Coaxial Mixing System Comprising a Non-Newtonian Solution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Volumetric mass transfer coefficient, k L a, bubble size, and interfacial area were investigated in an aerated coaxial mixing system with an aspect ratio of 1.25 furnished with two central impellers and an anchor. The simplified dynamic pressure method and a combination of the dynamic gas disengagement and electrical resistance tomography methods were utilized for measuring k L a and bubble sizes, respectively. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solutions were used as the power-law non-Newtonian fluids. New correlations for the prediction of k L a in aerated coaxial mixing systems containing non-Newtonian solutions were developed. The pitched blade impeller in downward pumping generated the highest mass transfer and interfacial area and smaller bubble sizes at all anchor speeds and concentrations of the CMC solution. The anchor speed had a positive impact on the oxygen mass transfer up to 20 rpm. Bubble stability increased while the interfacial area decreased with an increase in the fluid apparent viscosity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".