Reduced erythrocyte lifespan measured by chromium‐51 in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing long‐term hemodialysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: A reduced erythrocyte lifespan potentially explains the low hemoglobin A1c values found in hemodialysis patients. However, data supporting this notion in patients with type 2 diabetes is unclear. We evaluated the erythrocyte lifespan in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing long-term hemodialysis and investigated potential predictors of erythrocyte lifespan. METHODS: Cr)-labeled erythrocytes. Blood radiotracer activity was measured six to nine times over a period of 3-5 weeks to determine the erythrocyte lifespan of each patient. Biochemical markers were obtained five times over 16 weeks and associated with the erythrocyte lifespan. FINDINGS: Type 2 diabetes patients undergoing hemodialysis (N = 13) had a significantly shorter median erythrocyte lifespan of 49.7 (interquartile range [IQR] = 44.1-58.6) days compared with 64.2 (IQR = 62.6-83.5) days in the control group (N = 10) (P ˂ 0.001) with a difference between medians of 14.5 (95% confidence interval = 8.1-38.8) days. In the hemodialysis group, no association could be detected between the erythrocyte lifespan and markers of hemolysis, level of inflammation, or urea. DISCUSSION: A reduced erythrocyte lifespan was detected in type 2 diabetes patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. This may contribute to the reduced hemoglobin A1c values observed in the type 2 diabetic hemodialysis population. An association could not be detected between the erythrocyte lifespan and biochemical markers of hemolysis or inflammation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".