ADVERSE OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC OPIATE EXPOSURE IN VLBW NEONATES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Morphine is widely used frequently in mechanically ventilated VLBW infants. The pharmacokinetics of morphine in VLBW infants is different than pediatrics and adult patients. There are still unanswered questions about the safety of morphine in such vulnerable group of infants. Objective To determine if ventilated VLBW infants who are chronically exposed to higher doses of morphine during the first 2 weeks of life have a significant increase in the incidence of adverse outcome namely: BPD, IVH, ROP, NEC and sepsis. Design/Methods A retrospective study of 60 VLBW infants (BW 937±227 g, GA 26.5±1.4 weeks) who required ventilation for more than 7 days and admitted to NICU from January 2000 through December 2005. Cumulative opiate exposure (mg/kg morphine) was recorded daily for the duration of hospitalization. Results There were no significant differences between the 2 groups with regards to gestation, birth weight, incidence of RDS, need for surfactant, and incidence of PDA. SNAPPEII scores were higher in infants with higher opiate exposure. ROP, IVH, PVL, LOS, and bacteremia incidence was similar. Higher exposure was significantly associated with use of oxygen at 36 weeks corrected gestational age, time to achieve full feeding, NEC > stage II, hypotension, use of volume expansion for hypotension, inotrope use, steroids to treat hypotension, severe IVH, multiple bacteremias and sepsis related mortality. Conclusion Higher opiate exposure during the first 2 weeks of life is associated with increased risk of NEC, hypotension and multiple bacteremias.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".