Comparison of Hemorrhagic Complications with Double-ligated versus Auto-ligated Feline Ovarian Pedicles by Fourth-Year Veterinary Students
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this article is to compare the occurrence of hemorrhagic complications in student-performed feline ovarian pedicle ligations using the traditional suture pedicle double-ligation (PDL) to the suture-less auto-ligation (AL) techniques, and to describe the stepwise method of teaching the AL technique to students. A total of 287 cats underwent an ovariohysterectomy (OHE) performed by a fourth-year veterinary student trained by veterinary faculty to perform the AL technique beginning with a low-fidelity model and progressing to live patient surgeries. Students performed the AL and PDL techniques on 146 and 141 cats respectively. Hemorrhagic complications occurred in 4 of 146 cats (2.7%) in the AL group and 8 of 141 (5.7%) in the PDL group and were not found to be significantly different ( p = 0.2496). This article demonstrates that novice surgeons can safely perform the AL technique on feline ovarian pedicles without significantly increasing complications compared to the traditionally taught method when a stepwise training program is implemented. Additionally, this technique has been shown to be safe, effective, and more efficient when performed by experienced veterinary surgeons. 1 Veterinary institutions should consider including the AL technique in their core curricula as a standard method for feline ovarian pedicle ligation. Doing so will facilitate the development of more proficient entry-level practitioners who are better able to serve their patients, clients, employers, humane societies, and their communities by using a more efficient and safe feline ovariohysterectomy technique.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".