Unsaturated behaviour and cation self-diffusion of geosynthetic clay liners in Antarctica
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The impact of time-dependent unsaturated behaviour of virgin and the impact of cation self-diffusion on the time-dependent unsaturated behaviour of exhumed geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) specimens were investigated using a chilled mirror hygrometer. Total suction values (after 7 weeks’ water homogenisation) are reported for ten virgin (six different bentonites) and one GCL exhumed after exposure to the thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) conditions in Antarctica. The time-dependent unsaturated responses of four different virgin GCLs 1 day and 1 week after hydration are compared with the results at homogenisation and the implications discussed. For the suction (0.1–300 MPa) and water content range (5–140%) examined, the post-water homogenisation water retention behaviour of the GCLs is affected by bentonite characteristics. At a given gravimetric water content, the total suction of GCLs increased with increasing smectite content and total soluble salt content and decreased with increasing total bound cation content in the bentonite. Cation self-diffusion also increased the total suction in the GCL exhumed after exposure to Antarctic THM conditions. It is concluded that the impact of cation self-diffusion on the unsaturated behaviour of a GCL during its time in service before exposure to pollutants needs to be considered in designing hydraulic and gas barriers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".